Tennyson Close Analysis

Tennyson was distributed in 1830 and is the content I have decided to do intently break down. The topic of the sonnet was taken from one of Shakespearean plays named â€Å"Measure for Measure†, and the line: â€Å"Marina in the mooted grange,† gave Tennyson the motivation to compose of a young lady hanging tight for her darling. The two writings share a typical subject of surrender, as in Shakespearean play the young lady is additionally tenaciously anticipating the arrival of her darling Angelo after his renunciation after finding her loss of dowry.Similarly to Shakespearean content, Marianne needs activity or any story development, the whole sonnet filling in as an all-encompassing portrayal of the despairing confinement a young lady encounters while pining for her empty sweetheart. The language, meter, configuration and tone of the sonnet add to the intrinsic subjects of segregation, demise and rot, which I will intently analyze in this nearby understanding activity. Not at all like some of Tennyson different works, for example, Ulysses, Marianne doesn't have an emotional monolog despite the fact that it includes a refrain.This strategy confines Marina from us, and the sonnet being written in a third individual expressive story makes the title master unfit to phonetically control her own sonnet. The abstain is the main part inside the sonnet wherein Marina can stand up legitimately to the peruser just as the main type of discourse: in the primary verse, line's 9-12 â€Å"My life is terrible/He cometh not' she said:/She stated, ‘l am areaway, areaway, I would that I were dead! Her franticness is apparent to the peruser, and ‘she said' being written in past tense is huge since we are left pondering of her destiny because of her hopelessness. The hold back experiences minor changes all through the sonnet, giving a little piece of pope to both the peruser and Marina who is stuck in a tedious pattern of sadness. In the second, third and fourth verse she shifts back and forth between ‘day, night and light', in the last 9-12 lines of the refrain, underscores that nothing truly changes since her sentiments of being ‘areaway proceed with paying little heed to the hour of day.In the last refrain, in the 9-twelfth lines, the avoid changes significantly the persistent and constant hold back the peruser had gotten acquainted with. Marina presently Weeps' rather than ‘says' and asks ‘God' to end her hopelessness, accordingly the supplication is not, at this point a desire yet a petition and an intrigue, meaning the conclusion to all expectation. She is presently certain that ‘he' will stay away forever and her acknowledgment of this show she acknowledges it. The utilization of the pronoun ‘he' in the abstain is fascinating. We never get familiar with ‘his' name or of his reality in this way his quality in the sonnet is very ambiguous.It could be that Marina is simply sitting tight for a darling who has abandoned her, or that ‘he' could be representative of a male prevailing society that doesn't support her. The hold back shapes lion's share of the sonnet as it permits the peruser to comprehend Marina's sentiments, though the language and the setting just fill in as an analogy for her inside anguish and disengagement. Despite the fact that the sonnet is static, which means it includes no activity, the pitiable false notion and representation of the setting is an impression of Marina's mental rot just as the world that she inhibits.In the principal refrain, from lines 1 to 7, Marina's environmental factors are depicted as ‘blackest', ‘rusted', ‘broken', Weeded and worn', and ‘lonely. Everything that is man-made is in a condition of rot, representative for Marina's own decaying and disappointment of men. The versifying tetrameter, which sets the musical, redundant tone of the sonnet, is continually hindered by the hold back at he en d of every refrain, emblematic to how Marianne can never feel quiet and is consistently in a condition of mental unrest.The three four-line rhyme units example of ABA CDC BEEF entangle the peruser, since the E and F basically continue as before in every verse, which matches with Marina's own ensnarement. Words, for example, ‘shrieks and ‘cricked' in the 6th verse between on line 2 and 5, are Tennyson utilization of likeness in sound to additionally include the peruser in how Marina is feeling by utilizing unforgiving and infiltrating sounds. Through close investigation there are indications of expectation Marina imparts in us for both her destiny and the arrival of her lover.In the main refrain on line 6, it is portrayed that ‘unlisted was the clunking lock' underlining her desire for his arrival, and in the second verse on line 8, when she ‘glanced athwart the gloaming pads,' in spite of the fact that the utilization of ‘gloaming' is a horrible foretel ling, Marina watches her environmental factors as though she is trusting that a trooper will come back from the combat zone and into her open arms. In any case, as Marina crumbles and trust bombs her, so does the language in the poem.In the 6th refrain between lines 6 and 8, Marina dives into frenzy as her home gets spooky by ‘old faces, gleamed thro' the entryways, [old toaster ovens, trod the upper floors, [old voices called her from without. ‘ The utilization of past tense with ‘glimmered' and ‘called' implies that Marianne is as yet living before, as her charisma streams in reverse. She recalls more joyful occasions since she is spooky, and the mental inversions just as physical weakening move in equal request, making overpowering feeling of degeneration and loss.In the last verse, the sparrow's chirrup on the rooftop, [the moderate clock ticking,' this first and second line stuck out. ‘The sparrow is emblematic in light of the fact that it is an in dication of approaching passing, in Christian homeboys the sparrow was viewed as offering made by individual with no methods. With respect to the ‘slow clock ticking, this can be deciphered for the absence of time and the sonnet's consistent round movement before arriving at its peak in the last refrain. Nonetheless, on the grounds that the clock is going to stop it could likewise have the two sided connotation for Marina's approaching death.Another scholarly image that Tennyson uses to draw up on Marina's longing for her darling is the polar tree. The polar tree is a great image of the rebel darling and his wrecked guarantee; it tends to be deciphered as a phallic image since it gives he just break in the in any case fruitless and level scene. Inside great folklore the poplar tree is utilized in the content Metamorphoses, where Ovid depicts how None, abandoned by Paris, addresses the poplar on which Paris has cut his vow not to abandon her. This understanding is pertinent to the reoccurring topic of deserting and detachment inside the poem.In the fourth refrain, the fifth line presents the poplar tree as the ‘Hard by a poplar shook rear entryway's silver-green with twisted bark additionally making it's presence sound unpredictable and weakening using ‘gnarled bark and ‘silver-green', these descriptors making it unappealing in the brain of the peruser. Marina desires for the organization of her past sweetheart, so when she sees the windy shadow influence,' in the accompanying fourth line of the fifth refrain, this is the rest of the sexual predominance her darling had over her and his nonattendance in her life which has been supplanted by this barren tree.The certainty that she is as yet pining over his opening shows that he despite everything holds control over her and can control her, which could be said of ladies in the public eye being heavily influenced by men during Tennyson time. The poplar tree's separation frequents Marina even in rest, since it endlessly fills in as a rest of the person who will never come. Passing is additionally a noticeable theme all through the sonnet, as ‘dead' is rehashed in the last line of each verse in the refrain.In the peaking, last refrain of the sonnet, Tennyson composed on the 6th line ‘but she abhorred the hour/When the thick-mooted sunbeam lay, this expression is underscored by the caesura straightforwardly before it, and the relatively period lacking accentuation which follows. The words thick and ‘lay give the peruser the feeling that Marina's reality is covered in dust, recommending that it is ethical quality which burdens her since her life is somber and abusive. This thought is additionally underscored continuously attracting to a nearby when Tennyson wrote in the keep going refrain on the eighth line, ‘and the Dallas inclining toward his western nook. The symbolism here is reminiscent of the sun setting and her moving towards Angelo since the undertone of light has to do with living and mortality. The consummation of the day, and the drawing of the sonnet can be deciphered as the closure of Marina's own life. Taking everything into account, quite a bit of Tennyson development of the character Marina can be viewed as his very own projection mental issues. His amazing utilization of symbolism and unfortunate paradox outlines the battle Marina faces among life and demise as she determinedly anticipates her sweethearts return.

How to Write My Essay Paper

How to Write My Essay PaperThere are a lot of tips to write my essay but how can you expect to learn them? It's only you, who can give the right advice and create the right atmosphere. So how can you get out of your dilemma? Read on.Your first point of advice is to refrain from writing all at once. That is not an easy task. It will be better to break it down into one or two sections. This will help you be more focused. This will also make the process much easier.When you begin writing your essay, it is best to follow your notebook and pen wherever you go. Don't be in a hurry to write your essay in front of everyone. Remember that it has to be very careful and well-planned. You should also keep your notebook near you so that you will have them always ready.The next tip to write my English essay is to write it properly. Know how to spell, grammar and punctuation. You may have heard many people saying that the English language is difficult. Well, that doesn't mean you can't write becaus e it just means that you should know how to express yourself in proper terms.Your last important part is to make sure that the paper is thoroughly revised. It should be proofread and rewritten as necessary. If you are able to rewrite the entire essay all by yourself, then it is enough. But if you need help then seek the advice of a professional.One last point to learn is that while you are writing your essay, it is also important to avoid rushing. Sometimes, we tend to rush because we want to finish the work as soon as possible. What you can do is to set a deadline. Set a deadline for each paragraph and section of your essay. This will make sure that you won't get rushed.Finally, when you have finished your essay, give it the grade that you think is appropriate. Remember that it is not always easy to grade essays. It can take more time than just writing.A good tip to write my essay is to apply it in the best way possible. Being able to give a paper that you have given yourself is al l worth it.

Natural Disasters in India with Special Reference Essay Example

Cataclysmic events in India with Special Reference Paper Avalanches are regular in the Lower Himalayas. Portions of the Western Ghats likewise experience the ill effects of low-force avalanches. Floods are the most widely recognized cataclysmic event in India. The substantial southwest storm downpours cause the Paramount and different streams to expand their banks, regularly flooding encompassing territories. In spite of the fact that they furnish rice payday ranchers with a to a great extent reliable wellspring of common water system and treatment, the floods can kill thousands and dislodge millions. Overabundance, whimsical, or inconvenient storm precipitation may likewise wash away or in any case ruin crops. Practically all of India is flood-inclined, and extraordinary precipitation occasions, for example, streak floods and heavy rains, have gotten progressively basic in focal India over the past generally decades, agreeing with rising temperatures. Mean yearly precipitation aggregates have stayed consistent because of the declining recurrence of climate frameworks that create moderate measures of downpour. A cataclysmic event may be brought about by seismic tremors, flooding, volcanic ejection, avalanche, tropical storms and so forth. So as to be delegated a catastrophe it will have significant natural impact and additionally human misfortune and as often as possible brings about money related misfortune. This survey explains the catastrophic events of Tamil Nadia and its conceivable reason just as the preventive/moderation measures. Watchwords: Natural starters, dry seasons, streak floods, violent winds, torrential slides, avalanches, storms. Presentation At the worldwide level, there has been impressive worry over catastrophic events. Numerous cataclysmic events in India have made devastation the life and property of residents and nature in general every now and then. We will compose a custom exposition test on Natural Disasters in India with Special Reference explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Natural Disasters in India with Special Reference explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Natural Disasters in India with Special Reference explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Along these lines, joined Nations General Assembly, in 1989, announced the decade 1990-2000 as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction with the target to lessen loss of lives and property and confine financial harm through coordinated global activity for suitable administration tragedies, particularly in the creating nations. These catastrophes incorporate violent winds, floods, seismic tremors, volcanic ejections, starvations, dry spell, avalanches and so on. Among all the ones referenced floods and seismic tremors are the most well-known in India. India is no special case as it has been customarily helpless against catastrophic events by virtue of its interesting well climatic conditions. Floods, dry seasons, violent winds, tremors and avalanches have been intermittent marvels in India because of enormous populace development, and movement into urban territories (De et al. , 2005). Tamil Nadia has seen ruin brought about by yeses and tempest flood in the waterfront locales, seismic tremors, rainstorm floods, avalanches, and as of late the Tsunami. Increment in urban populace combined with the development of man-made structures regularly ineffectively manufactured and kept up subject urban communities to more noteworthy degrees of hazard to life and property in case Of tremors and other normal perils. India is a territory of 3,287,263 square kilometers and a coastline of 7516 km, with the last official statistics in 2001 demonstrating a populace 1. 028 billion individuals (NIB, 2009). Tamil Nadia covers a territory of 130, 0582 SMS and has a coastline f around 1,076 SMS which is about 15% of the coastline of India (Bavarian et al. , 2011). Over 40% of the fisher populace lives inside 1 km of coast and half of them live inside 2 km of the coast. The geological setting of Tamil Nadia makes the state defenseless against catastrophic events, for example, violent winds (Mascaras and Kumara 2007) floods and quake initiated torrent. About 8% of the state is influenced by five to six violent winds each year, of which a few are extreme. Cyclonic exercises on the east coast are more serious than on the west coast, and happen essentially be;en April-May and October-November (Supply and Aircraftman, 2009). Floods are high stream that floods the characteristic banks of the waterways and the vast majority of the occasions become cataclysmic. India is the most flood influenced country after Bangladesh. Out of all out passings by Floods on the planet, (1/5) are from India. The fundamental driver of floods are extreme rains in stream catchments, poor regular waste, Change of waterway course, Landslide limiting waterway stream, typhoon and exceptional precipitation (Fig. 1). Over that previous not many years the ascent in populace is constraining enormous settlements along the waterway banks, making the nation Thou Education and Research Trust (YEAR) Stephen, 201 2 J. Lowlife. Indus. Rest. Volvo. 1(2) July 2012 60 arrangements and measures for different counteractions and debacle the executives exercises are appropriately actualized. From the flood peril guide of India (Fig. 1), it is seen that no territory in Tamil Nadia falls in the hazard zone. Be that as it may, inside a neighborhood body zone, especially regarding a regions nearness to a significant seepage framework like streams, channels, and furthermore water bodies like lakes, and further concerning shape levels/low-lying territories, flood inclined zone mapping must be finished. Tamil Nadia is additionally exposed to yearly flooding including streak floods, downpour floods, storm surges of single and numerous occasions, cyclonic floods, and those because of dam blasts or disappointment. Consistently, on normal a large number of individuals are influenced, two or three hundred lives are lost, thousands are rendered destitute and a few hectares of yields are harmed. Consistently, Flooding in India influences Tamil Nadia and the other Indian conditions of Assam, Briar, West Bengal, Gujarat, Arioso, Utterance, and Maharajahs (Supply and Aircraftman, 2009). Floods are the most regular and frequently the most pulverizing. The reason for flood is mostly the causalities of precipitation in North east rainstorm period in the state. Out of the all out yearly precipitation in the state, 90% is thought over short storm period of a quarter of a year. Therefore, overwhelming releases from the waterways during this period causing far reaching floods in the delta districts. Floods happen fundamentally in the beach front areas bowl that conveys 100% of the state all out waterway streams (Poniard, 2006). Violent winds Cyclone alludes to a spin in the climate with exceptionally solid breezes circling around it in against clockwise heading in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Twisters re extraordinary low weight zones with pressure expanding outwards. Tornados can be risky as Cyclones are typically connected with solid breezes. A tempest flood is an irregular ascent of ocean level close to the coast brought about by a Fig. 1. F-plunder risk guide of India. Profoundly defenseless against Floods. The most helpless conditions of India are Attar Pradesh, Briar, Assam, West Bengal, Gujarat, Arioso, Andorra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharajahs, Punjab and Jam and Kashmir. In 1994, a significant flood murdered 147 individuals in Kraal, 138 in Gujarat and marooned 10000 in Madhya Pradesh. In 1995, the conditions of Attar Pradesh, Harlan and Raunchy Pradesh were seriously hit by flood causing immense losses. In the year 1996, a wild flood truly incapacitated India, Thousands of individuals kicked the bucket, got destitute, were marooned in the conditions of Restaurants, Andorra Pradesh, Jam and Kashmir likewise influencing numerous different pieces Of the nation. So, consistently either some portion of the nation is seriously hit by Hoods and making a dishonorable history for India. The opportunity has already come and gone that the @Youth Education and Research Trust (YEAR) J. Scoundrel. Indus. Rest. Volvo. 1(2) July 2012 61 period (Fig. 2). The coast line begins from Publican along the east coast and stretches out up to Ruminatively in Sanitarium District and comprises of Estuaries of environmental significance, Major and Minor ports, Fishing harbors, Monuments of global legacy, Tourist areas, Pilgrimage focuses, and so forth. Tremors Earthquakes are ground-breaking appearances of abrupt arrivals of strain vitality collected inside the outside layer and proliferated as seismic waves. The need to comprehend and consider the wonder of seismic tremor is for a basic explanation, that it is the most lamentable common catastrophe for humankind. The Himalayan Frontal circular segment in India is among the most seismically dynamic districts of the world. Indeed, even the Peninsular Stretch is very defenseless to Earthquakes. The Run of Ketch Earthquake of 1918 is one of the biggest interplant occasions on the planet. The first Seismological observatory in Quite a while was built up in the year 1 898 in the city of Calcutta. Throughout the years the office has been exponentially extended by the Meteorological Department of India. Tamil Nadia isn't as seismically dynamic as states in the northern and western pieces of the nation, little to direct tremors have happened in the province of Tamil Nadia. The recurrence of seismic tremors is low I. E. The hole between moderate measured occasions is genuinely long. Seismic movement in the ongoing past has happened in groups (Disgusts et al. , 2000) along the fringes with Andorra Pradesh, Karakas and Kraal. Ever tropical twister; therefore, ocean water immerses low lying zones of waterfront locales suffocating individuals and lives-stock, disintegrating sea shores and dikes, pulverizing vegetation and diminishing soil richness. Fig. 2. TN: Hazard Map-seismic tremor, Floods and Cyclone (After Poniard, 2006). Aside from solid breezes, tornados can bring about substantial downpours causing floods. Nonetheless, the most ruinous factor related with the twisters is the tempest flood. The most noticeably awful and the most seasoned tornado in India was in 1 737, in Calcutta that took 300000 lives individually. For violent wind estimate and preemptive guidance, the Government has fortified the Meteorological Department, by giving Cyclone Surveillan

IELTS Task 2 Opinion Essay Samples

IELTS Task 2 Opinion Essay SamplesIf you are teaching yourself to speak and write IELTS, one of the most important things you will want to do is acquire IELTS Task 2 opinions and sample essays. These can be a vital resource in order to familiarize yourself with the format and content of your IELTS tutoring materials. They will help you form your own opinion on the IELTS curriculum as well as its quality of vocabulary.It is important to build a foundation of English language skills before you try to study for IELTS. An IELTS tutor may already have samples of English language essays. These essays will be good for practicing your command of syntax and composition. You will need to write with the intent of conveying what you want to say.When you are trying to master the vocabulary and writing of the IELTS Test, an IELTS teacher may also provide sample essays for you to practice your writing style. You will need to get out there and use these samples to work out how to properly compose a good essay for the test.You may wonder if these opinion essay samples and the professional IELTS tutors would be up to par with you. You may think that if a teacher is willing to give you all this free time, then you will find these things to be simple and easy to learn.You will find that the whole process is not as easy as you thought. You will find yourself reading between the lines and watching and listening to other people to figure out how to write an IELTS essay.You will also want to remember that there are many other skills that you will need to become proficient in. If you aren't learning how to analyze information in your own thoughts, you aren't really learning English language. The best approach is to learn as much as you can in your spare time before tackling your IELTS application.IELTS task 2 opinion essay samples are an excellent place to start. Use them to start to get familiar with the test. As you continue to work with the test and your skills improve, you can use your opinion sample essays as a reference to keep you on track with other things that you need to get done.

The Role of Advertising Appeals, Role of Celebrity ...

IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN:2319-7668, PP 52-57 www.iosrjournals.org The Role of Advertising Appeals, Role of Celebrity Expert in T.V Advertising Attitude 1 Muhammad Rizwan, 2Shahzaib Pirzada, 3Ansar Sohail, 4Muhammd Nadeem, 5 Waqas Murid Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Students of MBA, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 1 2,3,4,5 Abstract: The importance of our research work is for marketing and advertising concerns that how they can make their advertisement more effective and efficient. It also gives direction for marketing managers and advertisers for the†¦show more content†¦The major aim of advertising is to impact on buying behavior; however, this impact about brand is changed or strengthened frequently in people’s memories. Memories about the brand consist of those associations that are related to brand name in consumer mind. Doing so advertiser creates those types of advertisements, which carry emotional bond with consumer. Therefore, that consumer is more likely to associate with advertisements of those brands, which have emotional and rational values and messages. Because emotional and rational appeals also provide a strong brand cue and stimulate category-based processing. Advertisers use different appeals in advertisements which arouse the viewer’s emotions which creates purc hase intention for product. They use different psychological barriers, celebrities, models, create persuasive attractive environment which directly impacts on viewers mind and customer’s purchase intention. 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The Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening - 1745 Words

The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert however, leaves for Mexico. While there, Edna picks up a relationship with Alcee Arobin who helps her realize her sexual passions. Edna has a sexual awakening, and is determined to get independence and she eventually leaves Mr. Pontellier. She shows her independence and sexual passions through painting. Edna moves into a house of her own. Robert comes home and tells her he loves her. However, Edna cant handle all of the social rules and commits suicide before finishing her conversation with Robert. 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Too strong a drink for moral babies, and should be labeled ‘poison,’ was the how the Republic described Chopins work (Seyersted

Green Technology and New Business Models for Sustainability Case Stud

Question: Describe about the Green product and services of Coca Cola? Answer: Introduction: It is required to have systemized study of the business processes in order to incorporate new business model. Hence it became possible to promote environment sustainability and introduce innovation in business models. A new business model is capable enough to make us of the existing product of the company in an effective way. Hence, use of the products becomes socially and environmentally favorable. For example a business model that align user motivation towards the environmental effect of their use, can make the existing technologies and product more sustainable. There are different characteristics of incorporating internet. These characteristics are different to some extent form the traditional technology characteristics. Therefore, every business organization now a day needs to be paired with the innovative technologies in order to facilitate the commercialization along with scaling and adoption of the innovative technologies. Green product and services of Coca Cola: To reduce the carbon emission, Coca Cola chose to work with Carbon Trust. Carbon Trust is a technical author of PAS 2050 (Standard that is known worldwide to measure Greenhouse Gas emission from services and product manufacturing) and global authority, who is engaged in management of carbon reduction. The Coca Cola has their own sustainability framework, known as me, we, world. This framework is their shared vision to work collaboratively. Hence, it became possible to create social value to make positive difference for the communities and for the customers they serve (Aarikka-Stenroos and Sandberg, 2012). Sustainability report of Coca Cola: Their goal is to maintain programs based on physical activity program in more than 200 markets. Coca Cola has took a great step in packaging initiatives with a focus on innovations and recycling programs, such as PlantBottle packaging. This innovation was about the scalable plastic bottles that are made partially from plants. Some it becomes challenging when the overall progress go slow. For example, Company Coca Cola has aimed to source 25% percent of PET plastics from renewable and recycled material by the year of 2015. But they have reached up to 6% of by the year of 2014. One obstacle was found to use the recycled material in drink packaging, due to the regulatory restrictions. Again, the high cost of recycled plastics is a bothering fact due to higher demand of recycled plastics (Cayogyog, 2012). Coca Cola have stated that the company has the strong growth opportunities due to nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverage industry, as people are shifting from the rural to urban areas. Hence there are number of challenges are there to the company from heaviness of stresses water supplies to less active lifestyle. The Coca Cola Company is taking appropriate action to conquer these challenges with the consistent supply of refreshing and high quality beverages. The company believes their involvement in risk mitigation and undertaking new business opportunities with the help of the sustainability effort (Coad, 2012). Literature review: According to the article of Andrew L. Shapiro, 2010, Coca Cola and its bottling partner manufacture more than 3000 beverage product across the globe. During Andrews meeting with Kent and his team Andrew come across the news on cokes latest sustainability with some key suppliers. According to Andrew, Coca Cola have challenges in the key area of environment and health. There is a growing concern is about the heaviness of mixing sugar in its drinks. The complete scale of business is understood with the significant use of energy, water, recycled material in the packaging, petroleum based plastics in production (Corallo et al., 2014). To address all these issues, the company has adopted a broad-ranging strategy on sustainability that comes under the approach Live Positively. It covers the workplace, environmental, marketplace and community initiatives. According to Kent where the population and gradually decreasing natural resources and where the customer expectations are increasing gradually, sustainability is the interior in the business of the Coca Cola to continue the business and its survival. According to Muhtar Kent, Coca Colas 2020 vision is the integral part with the sustainability. Coca colas road map for winning is the strategy related to their renewable bottles that are made of renewable materials. Even Kent have discussed about water as the environmental issue, managing carbon level (Libecap, Thursby and Hoskinson, 2010). Industry ranking and reflection: Growth of global volume of 2% for the whole year and 1% in quarterly basis. Quarterly basis declination of net revenues by 2% excluding the structural items impact. EPS in 4th quarter was $0.17. Full year cash increment from operation is $10.6 billion (UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 2013). Highlights: Coca Cola has achieved global value share in nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverages in the quarter. In addition Coca Cola has achieved shares in the juice, juice drinks, package water and ready-to-drink tea. As the company Coca Cola has aimed to strengthen product portfolio and their brands across the market. Volume of Global Sparkling beverage grew 1% for the whole year and for the quarterly also in the brand of Sprite, Fanta and Coca Cola (Machrafi, 2012). Global beverage volume grew 4% in a whole year and 2% in quarter due to the growth in ready-to-drink tea, packaged water, sports drinks. Coca Cola continue to make their product portfolio stronger by adding Gold Peak Tea, LOHAS mineral water, FUZE tea in the portfolio of Coca Cola (Mulvaney, 2011). Results: The First quarter of 2014 financial results were influenced by a single less selling day and financial results of fourth quarter of 2014 was influenced by one extra selling day. As the average daily sales computation positioned above, the unit case volume results on quarters are not influenced by the inconsistency in selling days. Coca Colas Company Report has shown it financial results in agreement with the accounting principles affiliated by GAAP (Generally Accepted in the United States). Management team of Coca Cola is also concerned about the non-GAAP financial measurement to provide meaningful information about the companys financial position to the user. Hence the information can help to assess companys ongoing performance. Non-GAAP financial measure is also used to take effective planning, operating and financial decision (Perry and Stone, 2011). With the upcoming trend of havoc internet use make it became possible for Coca Cola to allow advancement in the sustainable technology that has exceeded the business model development. Innovative technology aided firms often come with economic characteristics in the form of sales cost functions, cash flow profiles, risk profiles and so on. These characteristics are different to some extent form the traditional technology characteristics. Therefore, every business organization now a day needs to be paired with the innovative technologies in order to facilitate the commercialization along with scaling and adoption of the innovative technologies (Prenkert, 2012). The Coca Cola Company is taking appropriate action to conquer the challenges to manage sufficient power, water, with the consistent supply of refreshing and high quality beverages. The company believes their involvement in risk mitigation and undertaking new business opportunities with the help of the sustainability effort. Conclusion: The Coca Cola Company has adopted a broad-ranging strategy on sustainability that comes under the approach Live Positively. It covers the workplace, environmental, marketplace and community initiatives. According to Kent where the population and gradually decreasing natural resources and where the customer expectations are increasing gradually, sustainability is the interior in the business of the Coca Cola to continue the business and its survival. Coca Cola has took a great step in packaging initiatives with a focus on innovations and recycling programs, such as PlantBottle packaging. This innovation was about the scalable plastic bottles that are made partially from plants. References Aarikka-Stenroos, L. and Sandberg, B. (2012). From new-product development to commercialization through networks. Journal of Business Research, 65(2), pp.198-206. Cayogyog, A. (2012). Research Commercialization and Economic Sustainability: Basis for Establishment of Research Utilization Office in Universities. iamure.ijbm, 4(1). Coad, J. (2012). Green technology. Chicago, Ill.: Raintree. Corallo, A., Errico, F., Esposito, M. and Lazoi, M. (2014). The role of knowledge in the new product development process through the perspective of business model. IJCENT, 4(4), p.249. Libecap, G., Thursby, M. and Hoskinson, S. (2010). Spanning boundaries and disciplines. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Machrafi, H. (2012). Green energy and technology. [Sharjah, U.A.E]: [Bentham Science Publishers]. Mulvaney, D. (2011). Green technology. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Perry, J. and Stone, R. (2011). In the Business of Dying: Questioning the Commercialization of Hospice. The Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics, 39(2), pp.224-234. Prenkert, F. (2012). Commentary to From new-product development to commercialization through networks . Journal of Business Research, 65(2), pp.207-209. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. (2013). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://assets.coca-colacompany.com/d0/c1/7afc6e6949c8adf1168a3328b2ad/2013-annual-report-on-form-10-k.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2015].

Pizza! the Best Party Food. free essay sample

The pizzas here everybody. What do you mostly always eat when there is a party? What do you expect to eat at a party? Thats right! Its pizza. A party without pizza is like a store without anything to sell. Some reasons that it is the best party food is that everybody eats it and is easy to get. Another reason is that everyone loves It. So why not get pizza the next time you decide to throw a party. First of all, lactose intolerant people aside, who doesnt love when the pizza guy rives at the door with, boxes of that deliciousness.Also It Is the easiest thing to get for a party Is pizza. Its so hard to cook for anywhere from 50-100 people. That would take hours of work and make the house smell bad. Why not Just spend 60 dollars and get about seven whole boxes of Pizza Hut, Dominos, Digestions, or anything else. We will write a custom essay sample on Pizza! the Best Party Food. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its saves so much time and the trouble of cooking. Also who knows If they will honestly even Like the food you cook. When getting pizza you know everybody will eat It because the hosts of parties know people love pizza. Do you want to be remembered as a good host or party thrower?Then go buy pizza. You will probably spend that much on whatever you are cooking any way. So take the easy way out, and also the smart way. Next, everyone enjoys pizza, name one person that just doesnt enjoy pizza. The perfect blend of cheese, tomato, and bread gets everyones mouths watering. Everyone just cant resist from taking a slice. On the other hand it also tastes very good with drinks such as sodas. You can have all the wings and breadfruits you want UT no matter what it wont be a party without pizza.If I ever met someone who doesnt like pizza I would interrogate him with questions. Did you ever even try it? Are you crazy? Whats wrong with you? What planet have you come from? Good thing have never met anyone like that. Pizza is also rated the peoples most favorite food worldwide. So at a party you know its pretty demanding. If people dont get pizza then it will make the guests unhappy and unsatisfied in their stomach. Overall there is no way around it. Pizza is the king of the party. It is the stomach filler.It is the most essential ingredient to making a successful party. Ding! Dong! The pizzas here everybody. What do you mostly always eat when there loves it. So why not get pizza the next time you decide to throw a party. First of all, lactose intolerant people aside, who doesnt love when the pizza guy arrives at the door with, boxes of that deliciousness. Also it is the easiest thing to get for a party is pizza. Its so hard to cook for anywhere from 50-100 people. That would get about seven whole boxes of Pizza Hut, Dominos, Digestions, or anything else.Its eaves so much time and the trouble of cooking. Also who knows if they will honestly even like the food you cook. When getting pizza you know everybody will eat it Next, everyone enjoys pizza, name one person that Just doesnt enjoy pizza. The Everyone Just cant resist from taking a slice. On the other hand it also tastes very but no matter what it wont be a party without pizza. If I ever met someone who doesnt like pizza I would interrogate him with questions. Did you ever even try it? Are you crazy? Whats wrong with you? What planet have you come from?

Guide on How to Write Philosophy Essay

Guide on How to Write Philosophy Essay Is there a meaning to life? Do we have a free will? Is there a God? These are some of the so-called â€Å"Big Questions† that often motivated philosophers of the past, are intriguing to academically trained philosophers of the present and will be stimulating intellectual discussions among a more general audience in the future. Such questions may become a topic for your philosophy essay assigned at the university. For many students, writing a philosophy essay is something of a new experience and you might be a little unsure of what you should expect, or of what is expected of you. In this philosophy essay writing guide, you will find some preliminary advice about writing philosophy essays at the university that will help you determine where you should direct your efforts to achieve the best result. What Is a Philosophy Essay? First of all, you should realize that philosophical essays are different from essays in most other subjects. Wondering why? Philosophy essays are not written for the sake of literary self-expression and they can’t be approached like ordinary research papers. They don’t summarize that different scholars have had to say on a certain topic. They don’t present the latest findings of scientific experiments, tests or surveys. And they don’t present your personal impressions, opinions, feelings. Instead, a philosophy essay is a reasoned defense of a thesis. When writing assignments in your philosophy classes, you have to be doing philosophy. You need to ask insightful questions about fundamental ideas and concepts and provide reasoned, well-argued responses to these questions. You need to establish logical relations between your thoughts. Your task is to convince your reader that your thesis is correct so you have to use the method of rational persuasion. To write a strong philosophy essay, you should demonstrate your ability to think critically about certain issues and present your independent thought by offering new analogies, new examples, and counter-examples of familiar points or even a novel argument. What Do You Do in a Philosophy Essay? Your philosophy essay can’t consist of a simple report of your opinions on a particular topic or present a report of the opinions of other philosophers, it must present an argument. Your task is to defend the points you claim in your essay so you must offer convincing reasons to believe your claims. That’s why you can’t merely state: â€Å"My view is that S.† Instead, you must write something like: â€Å"My view is S. I believe it is true because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I think the following ideas †¦ provide a convincing argument for S.† Typically, you should start with your thesis and then make one of the following steps: Provide reasons to believe your thesis; Give counter-example to your thesis; Provide examples that may help to explain your thesis; Criticize the thesis; Defend your thesis against someone’s criticism; Explain the consequences that the essay’s thesis would have if it were true; Revise the thesis. No matter what purpose for the essay you set, you need to present convincing reasons to accept the claims you make and try to persuade other people to believe you. Philosophy Essay Topics Typically, a list of philosophy essay topics you can choose from is provided by your instructor. The topics are usually designed to invite you to deal with some specific philosophical issue or problem. They might be challenging but they give you a good chance to demonstrate how you understand a certain philosophical issue or problem and show your own skills in doing philosophy that is doing analysis, providing argumentation etc. You may be asked to respond to a certain philosophical statement, provide the explanation of a concept or a theory, give the detailed interpretation of a certain text, critically evaluate a philosophical theory or present your own answers to fundamental philosophical questions. Such philosophical questions may concern ethics and morality, science and technology, the universe and reality, human nature and human consciousness etc. Here are some examples of such philosophical questions that you are free to use as topics for your philosophy essays. Is Human Society Moving in the Right or Wrong Direction? Is There any Purpose in Life? Are There any Limits to What Human Mind Can Comprehend the Nature of Reality? Does Math Accurately Represent the Reality? Can Rational Thinking Exist Without Language? How Would You Define Human Creativity? Does It Have any Limits? Do Animals Have Morals? What is Your Definition of Morality? Is Poverty Inevitable? What is the Biggest Threat to Our Society? Before you start writing, you should make sure you understand the assignment. If you were given a longer prompt, pay attention to such words as â€Å"compare†, â€Å"evaluate†, â€Å"explain† or â€Å"outline†. You should present your own answers, give reasons, answer objections, and critically evaluate alternative approaches. Make an Outline and Structure Your Essay You should start with organizing your thoughts on the given topic. A good outline will increase your chances to make your philosophy essay logical, clear, and coherent. Besides, you will be able to see if you miss some elements in your argument. Your outline may look like this one: Introduction – draft your thesis statement; Analysis – provide a summary of your evaluation of the key points of your topic; Arguments – make a bulleted list of the major arguments you are going to make to defend your thesis; Counter-arguments – think about at least one objection to your argument; Summary – summarize your key points in response to your topic. Your next step is to think about a clear structure of your essay that will help your audience follow your argument and reduce the chances that your readers may get confused. Typically, your essay should follow the outline we have presented above and consist of the introduction, body paragraphs where you present your arguments and counterarguments, and the conclusion that summarizes your key points. Write a Draft Philosophical problems are complex and writing a philosophy essay requires careful and extended reflection. You can’t do it during the night before your essay is due so it’s important to start thinking about your topic as early as possible. Most likely, you will need to write more than one draft and make a lot of revisions to ensure that your essay is logical, clear, and concise. So it’s best to start working on your essay as soon as it is assigned to you. When writing your essay, you should use simple, straightforward words and keep your paragraphs and sentences short. Try to avoid complicated language when you can find simple ways to communicate the same idea exactly. Introduction Begin your introduction with formulating your thesis. You inform your reader what your essay sets to achieve – what your thesis is and how you are going to support your point of view. e.g. In this essay, I will argue that Mr. Smith †¦ I will use the following approach †¦ You should also explain some technical terms that you use in your argument to avoid ambiguity and help your readers grasp your ideas. Besides, you can provide motivation for your reader to read your essay to the end and explain why your argument is important and why your readers should care about it. If necessary, you should clarify how you are going to present your argument and lay out the structural plan for your essay to make the structure of your essay obvious to your readers and help them follow it. If your task is to critically evaluate someone’s argument, you will need first to explain this argument to your audience and only after that you should provide your critique. Keep in mind that you will need to present the argument in your own words and make your explanation concise and precise. Body Paragraphs In the body of your essay, you need to give your own argument on a specific essay topic and use plenty of examples and definitions. Philosophic claims are very abstract and difficult to understand and examples may help to make those claims clearer to the audience. You should write as many paragraphs as you have the key points and devote one paragraph to one point of your argument. It’s the most critical part of your essay because it will actually show your understanding of the subject and your ability to make your points concisely, thoroughly, and coherently. When discussing views of other people, you can use direct quotations or paraphrases and reference them properly according to the citation style specified by your instructor. But you should quotations and paraphrases to the minimum because it’s your essay and your instructor is interested to see your own words. Your argument will be stronger if you anticipate possible objections to it and respond to them. Very often this is an essential part of your philosophy essay. It actually provides support to your main argument and makes your key points more compelling. There can be different objections to your thesis but you should always think about the strongest objections and reply to them. Don’t take the unconvincing objections you can easier respond to. If you can’t formulate a decisive reply to these objections, you should admit it as well. Sometimes, your assignment may be to think about and provide several objections to your thesis and defend it against them. When presenting your argument and providing objections, you should to be very precise and state exactly what you mean. In this way, you will minimize the chances of being misunderstood. Commonly, you should expect to complete a short essay of about 3 double-spaced pages so you should avoid using too many arguments because too many arguments will confuse your readers. Keep your structure simple, focus on your topic, and stick to your thesis and arguments. Keep in mind that your essays in philosophy don’t necessarily have to provide a straight affirmative or negative answer to your question or a definite solution to a problem. It’s OK to ask questions in your essay even if you can’t answer them. You can use the following structure for your essay to make it flow smoothly. Thesis statement Argument 1 a. Counter-argument 1 Reply Argument 2 a. Counter-argument 2 Reply Conclusion Conclusion Your conclusion should be brief. Tell your audience what you think your argument has established. You should restate your thesis statement and give a short summary of your argument. You should be creative and don’t copy your introduction. In this part of your essay, you want to emphasize the most important limitations and implications of your own argument. Don’t provide any new information. Revise Your Draft, Edit, and Proofread: Tips from Experts When you finish your rough draft, put it aside for a couple of days and then revise it several times, considering the structure of your argument and your word choice as well. Typically, you will need to revise your draft several times and you should save all your drafts as you go along. That will allow you to go back if you decide to change your mind. Your final draft should provide the clearest version of your final argument. When revising your draft, you can make the following steps: Revise your introductory and concluding paragraphs to ensure that you have a clear thesis and that both the paragraphs support each other. Revise the structure to ensure that your argument is clear and logical. Delete any unnecessary sentences and words that don’t bring value to your argument. You may also need to add some sentences or words to make your argument clear but in this case, you should be very brief. When you are satisfied with the structure and content and are sure you won’t need any such changes anymore, you need to check spelling, grammar, and punctuation and fix mistakes if there are any. You can use some grammar and spell checking tools online. You should proofread your philosophy essay very carefully to fix minor mistakes and typos. A good idea is to find someone to read your essay. Your family member or a friend may notice some mistakes that you may overlook on your own because of the typical writer’s blindness. Before you submit your essay, make sure you have done everything possible to make it the best it can be.

Create and Interpret a table that compare the prevalence of Diabetes Essay

Create and Interpret a table that compare the prevalence of Diabetes in the US(age 18+ age adjusted Males and Females) Mountain and pacific regions from 2000-2012 - Essay Example The trend indicates that there is prevalent decrease in diabetes over the years from 2002 to 2012. The overall rudimentary prevalence was similar for males (Attaining 24.9 percent in 2012) and females (Attaining 17.6 percent in 2012) (National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases 65). Trends across the different regions in America show similarity in rudimentary prevalence for males and females in the two regions under study. The pacific region shows even a lower level of diabetes prevalence throughout the years and across the sexes. Generally, the rates decreased from 36.9 percent between 2002 and 2004, to 27.1 percent by the close of 2012. A notable aspect between the mountain region and the pacific region is that fewer males get diabetic in the pacific region as compared to the mountain region. However, the pacific region still indicates a decrease in the trend across the years for the two sexes. Murphy, Sherry., Xu, Jiaquan and Kochanek, Kenneth. Division of Vital Statistics CDC/NCHS, Deaths: Final data for 2010. National vital statistics reports; vol 61 no 4. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS; 2012. Accessed September 18, 2014 http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics Fact Sheet, 2005. Bethesda, MD, U.S: Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health,

Strategic Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Marketing Plan - Assignment Example There exists cut throat competition and rivalry with nearly all cafes coming up with certain packages, promotions, and offers to attract clients, as the service being offered is highly homogenous. Our firm wants to operate in such a competitive environment and wants to get the major chunk of the market share, attract customers, and develop loyalty towards our services. Our organization aims at developing a cyber caf that provides the teenagers and the office and retired people a complete new experience of the internet as well as entertainment. The cyber caf will have a coffee shop in addition to the usual internet access that the ordinary cyber cafes offer. Thus the people visiting our cyber caf will get addicted to come again due to the relaxation and a complete new experience offered here. Our target market is mainly the students and the teenagers but we also focus the office going people and the retired old persons that can spend a new life here and enjoy the coffee and experience and search a massive amount of interesting and informative information on the internet. The corporate objectives of the business are to achieve at least 5 percent of the market share of the current i... Mission statement To provide our customers with a complete new experience of internet access and relaxation and to provide employee satisfaction to our employees Corporate objectives To become a market leader in the industry of internet cafes by providing the best services to the customers The corporate objectives of the business are to achieve at least 5 percent of the market share of the current industry in the forthcoming year. These are the least set objectives but the company aims to achieve more than that. The company aims to achieve sales of roughly $275,000 in the first year and then this figure increasing at least 10% annually. 3. Application of Strategic Management Tools & Techniques SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis is a double impact tool that analyses both internal and external factors influencing an organization on the whole; Strengths and Weaknesses are internal, while Opportunities and Threats are external factors. As understandable by the name, internal factors are within the spam of control of the organization while the external ones are not. The application of SWOT to an environment ensures that resource allocation can be analyzed and the strengths can be appropriately capitalized, while minimizing the weaknesses' impact for assuring maximum from the opportunities and minimizing the threats. Following is the application of SWOT analysis to Hot Coffee Cyber Caf: S Strengths -The entertainment offered by the caf which is not available at other cafes -The awesome internet speed and the equipment offered to the customers -Quality of services provided to the customers -Quality of the coffee and other beverages provided -Qualified Staff that can

Early childhood education Essay Example for Free

Early childhood education Essay Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852) was a German educator born in Oberweisbach. He is known as the founder of â€Å"Kindergarten† and was one of the most influential educational reformers of the 19th century. Froebel had a difficult childhood. His mother died when he was still young, and his father, a pastor, and stepmother neglected to care for him. Finally, an uncle took over his care and ensured that he receive a high school education. It was there that young Froebel grew up with a love for nature and strong Christian faith, which led him to seek happiness and unity in all things. Froebel’s faith also led him to think as an educationalist. Froebel studied at the University of Jena for a short time. In 1805, while studying architecture in Frankfurt, he was persuaded to become a teacher by the model school at Frankfurt. He then studied with Pestalozzi at Yverdon, before returning to the University of Gottigen and Berlin in Germany. Froebel believed that there was something missing in Pestalozzi’s theory- the ‘spiritual mechanism’. According to Froebel, this was the basis of early childhood education. â€Å"Pestalozzi takes man existing only in appearance on earth,† he said, â€Å"but I take man in his eternal being, in his eternal existence. † (Shapiro, 1983, p. 20. ) Froebel took a break from studying to join the army for a year from 1813-1814. Afterwards, he received a position at the mineralogical museum in the University of Berlin. Two years later, he founded a school at Greisheim (which later mover to Keilau) which he called the Universal German Educational Institute. It was there that he taught his methods to other teachers. Froebel opened the first Kindergarten in the year of 1837 in Bad Blankenburg. Later, he also founded a Kindergarten training school at Liebenstein. Froebel felt that children, like plants in a garden, need to be cared for and shielded from outside influences. Froeble believed that children need to imitate a teacher’s values and morals. Therefore, teachers need to be respected, receptive, and easily approachable. Among Froebel’s subordinates, however, there were constant disputes, which he was unable to control. He encountered more problems when the Prussian government did not approve of his ideas. In 1851, an edict was issued, which forbade the establishment of Kindergartens. This decree was repealed almost 10 years later- in 1860. Froebel was not alive at that time and had no idea of the impact he left on the school system worldwide, and especially in the United States. The philosophers of his times, Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling (1775-1854), also influenced Froebel’s educational ideas. He placed an emphasis on self-activity, physical training, and pleasant surroundings in the development of children. His most important work was the book he wrote in 1826 called Menschenerziehung (tr. The Education of Man, 1877). References: Lilley, Irene M. , (1967). Friedrich Froebel: A Selection from His Writings. Kilpatrick, William H. , (1916). Froebels Kindergarten Principles Critically Examined. Retrieved from http://www. uv. es/EBRIT/micro/micro_221_12. html Froebel, Friedrich. (1896). The Education of Man, trans. W. H. Hailman. New York: Appleton. Retrieved from http://www. answers. com/topic/friedrich-wilhelm-august-fr-bel.

Essay --

  Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party ; National Socialist German Workers Party). He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. Hitler was at the centre of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust. Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the German Workers' Party in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup d'à ©tat in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf . After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. After his appointment as chancellor in 1933, he transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. Hitler's aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in co...

Advantages and Disadvantages to Society Essay

Humans have become so dependent on electricity and society’s evolution to a great extent has been based on it. In the absence of lights, computers, most methods of transportation and communication, the last hundred years of advancement could be set back. With these things considered, electricity could clearly be regarded as man’s greatest discovery. However, in as much as electricity has played a major role in the progress of humankind, it has also contributed widely into the sluggish destruction of society. Therefore, electricity has both an advantageous and disadvantageous effects on society. Electricity is an invisible form of energy created by the movement of charged particles, a phenomenon that is a result of the existence of electrical charge. It flows into our homes along wires and can be easily converted into other energy forms, such as heat and light. It can be stored in batteries or sent along wires to make electric trains, computers, light bulbs and other devices work. The comprehension of electricity has directed to the invention of generators, computers and nuclear-energy systems, X-ray devices, motors, telephones, radio and television. (Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, 2002) Everything in the world, including humans and the air they breathe, is made of atoms. Each of these tiny particles has a positively charged center, named as nucleus, with smaller, negatively charged electrons whizzing around it. Electricity is created when one of the electrons jump to another atom. This can be caused by the magnetic field in a generator, by chemicals in a battery, or by friction (rubbing materials together). Early History The breakthrough discovery that an electric charge could be created by rubbing two materials together was first made by the Greek Philosopher Thales around 600 BC. He found that if he rubbed the fossilized tree sap, amber, with silk, it attracted small light objects such as feathers and dust. However, the first realistic device for the generation of electrical energy was not invented until 1800 when the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta constructed the first crude battery. For centuries, this strange, puzzling property was thought to be limited to amber. Two thousand years later, in the 16th century, William Gilbert provided evidence that many other substances are electric. He gave these substances the Latin name electrica, originating from the Greek word elektron (which means â€Å"amber†). According to the 2008 Encyclopedia Americana, the word magnet, comes from the Greek name for the black stones from Magnesia in Asia Minor. Sir Thomas Browne, an English writer and physician, first used the word electricity in 1646. Relationships between electricity and magnetism were devised in 1820 by the Danish physicist H. C. Oersted and the French physicist D. F. J. Arago from studies of the effects of a current-carrying conductor on a compass needle or iron filings. That same year, the French physicist Andre Ampere showed that an electric current flowing through a wire created a magnetic field similar to that of a permanent magnet. In 1831, the English physicist Michael Faraday conceived a device for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. Faraday’s machine, the first dynamo (DC generator), was made up of a copper disk rotating between the poles of a permanent magnet. A year later, Hippolyte Pixii of France, built both an AC generator and a DC generator, the latter being fitted with a commutator. Such primeval generators were widely used for experimental purposes. Nonetheless, they could not generate a great deal of power because the field strength of their permanent magnets was slight. In 1866, the German inventor Werner von Siemens initiated the use of electromagnets instead of permanent magnets for the field poles of a DC generator. In 1870, the Belgian inventor Zenobe Gramme further improved the performance of DC generators by using armatures of iron wound with rings of insulated copper wire. Powered by counteracting steam engines, Gramme’s generators were used to supply current for arc lamps in lighthouses and factories. Electric arc street lamps were installed in Paris in 1879, in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1879, and in New York City in 1880. However, the carbon filament incandescent lamp invented by Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan in 1880 provided a far better and more suitable source of light than arc lamps did. This invention created a great demand for electric power as it marked the beginning of the electric power industry. Electricity was a mystifying force. It did not seem to occur naturally at initial appearance, except in the frightening form of lightning. Researchers had to do an atypical thing to study electricity; they had to manufacture the phenomenon before they could analyze it. We have come to realize that electricity is everywhere and that all matter is electrical in nature. Many innovators in the study of magnetism and electricity become known between the late 1700s and the early 1800s, many of whom left their names on several electrical units. These scientists include Charles Augustin de Coulomb (the unit of charge), Andre Ampere (current), George Ohm (resistance), James Watt (electrical power), and James Joule (energy). Luigi Galvani gave us the galvanometer, a device for measuring currents, while Alessandro Volta gave us the volt, a unit of potential, or electromotive force. Similarly C. F. Gauss, Hans Christian Oersted, and W. E. Weber all made their mark and established their names on electrical engineering. Only Benjamin Franklin failed to leave his name on any electrical unit, despite his noteworthy contributions. All of the afore-mentioned scientists contributed to the study of electricity. However, the two real giants in the field were 19th century Englishmen, Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. The widespread use of electricity as a source of power is largely due to the work of pioneering American engineers and inventors such as Nikola Tesla, and Charles Proteus Steinmetz during the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2002). One of the most well-known perhaps is Thomas Alva Edison, most famous for his development of the first commercially practical incandescent lamp. He was one of the most prolific inventors of the late 19th century and his greatest contribution is the development of the world’s first central-electric-light-power-station. By the time he died in West Orange, New Jersey, he had patented over 1000 inventions. (Jenkins, R. 2000) II. BODY Electrical activity takes place constantly everywhere in the universe. Electrical forces hold molecules together. The nervous systems of animals work by way of weak electric signals transmitted between nerve cells called neurons. Electricity is generated, transmitted, and converted into other forms of energy such as heat, light and motion through natural processes, as well as by devices built by people. Over the period from 1950 to 1999, the most recent year for which data are available, annual world electric power production and consumption rose from slightly less than 1,000 billion kilowatt hours to 14,028 billion kwh. A change also took place in the type of power generation. In 1950, about 2/3 of the electricity came from thermal or steam-generating sources and about 1/3 from hydroelectric sources. In 1998, thermal sources produced sixty-three percent of the power, but hydropower had declined to nineteen percent, and nuclear power accounted for seventeen percent of the total. The growth in nuclear power slowed in some countries, markedly the United States, in reaction to concerns about safety. Nuclear plants generated twenty percent of U. S. electricity in 1999; in France, the world leader, the figure was 76 percent.

Timeline History of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)